Electrophilic Substitution Mechanisms Menu

Electrophilic Substitution Mech..

What is electrophilic substitution? . . .: Some background on benzene (including links to more detailed discussions) and a general mechanism which covers several of benzene's reactions.
The nitration of benzene . . .: The mechanism for the formation of nitrobenzene from benzene.
The Friedel-Crafts acylation of benzene . . .: The mechanism for the substitution of an acyl group such as CH₃CO into benzene.
The Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene . . .: The mechanism for the substitution of an alkyl group such as CH₃ into benzene.
An industrial alkylation of benzene . . .: The mechanism for the substitution of an alkyl group such as CH₃CH₂ into benzene, by a reaction involving an alkene such as ethene.
The halogenation of benzene . . .: The mechanism for the substitution of atoms like chlorine and bromine into benzene rings.
The sulphonation of benzene . . .: The mechanism for reaction between benzene and concentrated sulphuric acid to produce benzenesulphonic acid
Some substitution reactions of methylbenzene . . .: Illustrates how to cope with the problem of substituting things into rings which already have something else attached.