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Atomic Properties

Simple background . . .: Revises the simple knowledge you should already have about the structure of atoms from introductory courses (e.g. GCSE).
Atomic orbitals . . .: Explains what atomic orbitals are and discusses their shapes and relative energies. This is essential pre-reading before you go on to any of the remaining topics in this section.
Electronic structures . . .: How to work out and write the electronic structures for atoms and simple monatomic ions (containing only one atom - e.g. Cl^- or Mg²⁺) using s, p, d notation.
Ionisation energies . . .: Explains what ionisation energies are and how and why they vary around the Periodic Table.
Hydrogen's atomic emission spectrum . . .: An introduction to the atomic hydrogen emission spectrum, and how it can be used to find the ionisation energy of hydrogen.
Electron affinities . . .: Explains what electron affinities are and how and why they vary around the Periodic Table.
Atomic and ionic radii . . .: Looks at the various measures of atomic radius, and explains how and why atomic radii vary around the Periodic Table. Also considers how the radii of positive and negative ions differ from the atoms they come from.